ARTICLE OF THE DAY: GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT
Ground Water Management
- Ground Water is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand & rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand & rocks called “Aquifers”.
- The Largest use for groundwater is to irrigate crops south Asia accounts for 48% of Global ground water used for irrigation.
- 89% of water is used for irrigation in India.
- India gets 4% of global rain 4 ranks 133 in water availability per person per annum.
- Meteoric Water: Rainfall or Atmospheric Pressure
- Connate Water: Within the rock
- Magmatic: juvenile water
- When Water Availability is less than 1000m3 per person per day (by Falken Mark)
- 54% of the India faces high to extremely high-water stress.
- In India more than 100 million of people live in areas of poor water quality.
Crisis of Ground Water Naturally:
- Over exploitation
- Excessive use
- Unequal access to water among different social groups
- Large population more demand for water
- Scarcity even in water abundant areas
- Bad quality of water polluted by chemical, fertilizers & pesticides
- Model Bill, 2005
- Grant of permit for sinking a new borewell
- Registration of existing borewell owners
- Registration of Drilling Agencies
- Restrictions on the depth & diameter of borewells
- Restrictions on the purpose of the use of ground water
- Registration of the new users in non-notified harvesting.
- Penalty for offences fine up to Rs.5000/- & imprisonment up to 6 months.
Management:
- Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting
- Canal Irrigation
- Hill & Mountain regions – Diversion channels like “Guls” or “ Kuls” of western Himalayas for agriculture
Presented by
R.K.Saranyaa - TNPSC MAGME
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