IAS EXAM
CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT ACTS
First constitutional Amendment Act: 1951
• Added Ninth Schedule to protect the land reform and other laws included in it from the judicial review.
• Added three more grounds of restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, viz., public order, friendly relations with foreign states and incitement to an offense. Also, made the restrictions ‘reasonable' and thus, justifiable in nature.
• Empowered the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes
Second constitutional amendment act: 1952
• Readjusted the scale of representation in the Lok Sabha by providing that one member could represent even more than 7,50,000 persons.
Third constitutional amendment act: 1954
• Empowered the Parliament to control the production, supply and distribution of the foodstuffs, cattle
• fodder, raw cotton, cotton seed and raw jute in the public interest
Fourth constitutional amendment act: 1955
• Made the scale of compensation given in lieu of compulsory acquisition of private property beyond the scrutiny of courts.
Fifth Amendment Act, 1955
• Empowered the president to fix the time-limit for the state legislatures to express their views on the proposed Central legislation affecting the areas, boundaries and names of the states
Sixth Amendment Act, 1956
• Included a new subject in the Union list i.e., taxes on the sale and purchase of goods in the course of inter-state trade and commerce and restricted the state’s power in this regard
Seventh constitutional Amendment Act-1956
• This constitutional amendment act was brought to give effect to recommendations of state reorganization commission
• Provided for the establishment of a common high court for two or more states.
• Abolished the existing classification of states into four categories i.e., Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D states, and reorganized them into 14 states and 6 union territories
• Extended the jurisdiction of high courts to union territories.
• Provided for the appointment of additional and acting judges of the high court
Eight Amendment Act, 1960
• Extended the reservation of seats for the SCs and STs, and special representation for the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the state legislative assemblies for a period of ten years (i.e., up to 1970).
Ninth Amendment Act, 1960
• Facilitated the cession of Indian territory of Berubari Union (located in West Bengal) to Pakistan as provided in the Indo-Pakistan Agreement (1958).
Tenth constitutional Amendment Act-1961
• Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli in the Indian Union
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